Update README.md
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martin schmidt
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README.md
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README.md
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# Simple, modern and secure installation of Arch Linux with KDE Plasma.
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**Load the preferred keyboard. In my case it's "de" for Germany.**
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$ loadkeys de
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$ loadkeys de
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**List devices to make sure you partition the right device.**
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$ lsblk
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**Partition the device using gdisk (assuming /dev/sda).**
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$ gdisk /dev/sda
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**Create GPT and EFI-partion.**
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$ o # _Creates new GPT-partition table._
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$ y # _Accept._
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$ n # _New partition._
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$ +512M # _512 MB should be plenty for /boot._
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$ ef00 # _Mark as EFI._
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$ n # _New main partition, accept all the following using "y"._
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**Print and check your partitions.**
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$ p
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**Write partitions to device.**
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$ w
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$ y # _Accept._
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**Encrypt primary partition.**
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$ cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain -y -s 512 luksFormat /dev/sda2
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$ YES
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**List devices to make sure you partition the right device.**
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$ lsblk
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**Partition the device using gdisk (assuming /dev/sda).**
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$ gdisk /dev/sda
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**Create GPT and EFI-partion.**
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$ o # _Creates new GPT-partition table._
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$ y # _Accept._
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$ n # _New partition._
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$ +512M # _512 MB should be plenty for /boot._
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$ ef00 # _Mark as EFI._
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$ n # _New main partition, accept all the following using "y"._
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**Print and check your partitions.**
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$ p
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**Write partitions to device.**
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$ w
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$ y # _Accept._
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**Encrypt primary partition.**
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$ cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain -y -s 512 luksFormat /dev/sda2
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$ YES
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**Open encrypted partition, map as "root" and create filesystem.**
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$ cryptseup luksOpen /dev/sda2 root
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$ mkfs.fat -F 32 -n UEFI /dev/sda1
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**-F specifies the type of file allocation tables used (12, 16 or 32 bit).**
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**-n sets the volume name (label) of the filesystem to "UEFI".**
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**Create ext4 filesystem on primary partition.**
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$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/root
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**Create mountpoints and mount partitions.**
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$ mount /dev/mapper/root /mnt
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$ mkdir /mnt/boot
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$ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
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**Optionally update mirrorlist using reflector.**
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**In this case use the latest 10 mirrors from Germany, that have been synchronized within the last 24 hours and sort the by download-rate and write them to the pacman mirrorlist.**
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$ reflector --verbose --latest 10 --country Germany --age 24 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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**Install base system and basic packages (network, editor, sudo).**
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**The package base-devel is not necessary but recommended.**
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$ pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware networkmanager nano sudo
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**Generate fstab.**
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$ genfstab -Lp /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
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**-L = Use labels for source identifiers (shortcut for -t LABEL).**
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**-p Exclude pseudofs mounts (default behavior).**
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**Chroot into your installation.**
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$ arch-chroot /mnt
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**Set your hostname.**
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$ echo mycomputer > /etc/hostname
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**Generate locale.gen for your preferred language (and preferribly english).**
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$ nano /etc/locale.gen
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**Uncomment your language, e.g. de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8 (and en_US.UTF-8).**
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**Generate the locale.**
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$ locale-gen
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**Add necessary HOOKS and MODULES.**
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$ nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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**MODULES=(ext4)**
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**HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt filesystems fsck shutdown)**
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**Create mkinitcpio.**
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$ mkinitcpio -p linux
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**Start NetworkManager for automatic network access on next boot.**
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$ systemctl enable NetworkManager
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**Set a root-password.**
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$ passwd
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**Install systemd-boot bootloader.**
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$ bootctl install
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**Create the bootloader config.**
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$ nano /bootloader/entries/arch.conf
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**Add the following:**
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**Open encrypted partition, map as "root" and create filesystem.**
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$ cryptseup luksOpen /dev/sda2 root
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$ mkfs.fat -F 32 -n UEFI /dev/sda1
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**-F specifies the type of file allocation tables used (12, 16 or 32 bit).**
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**-n sets the volume name (label) of the filesystem to "UEFI".**
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**Create ext4 filesystem on primary partition.**
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$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/root
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**Create mountpoints and mount partitions.**
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$ mount /dev/mapper/root /mnt
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$ mkdir /mnt/boot
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$ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
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**Optionally update mirrorlist using reflector.**
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**In this case use the latest 10 mirrors from Germany, that have been synchronized within the last 24 hours and sort the by download-rate and write them to the pacman mirrorlist.**
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$ reflector --verbose --latest 10 --country Germany --age 24 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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**Install base system and basic packages (network, editor, sudo).**
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**The package base-devel is not necessary but recommended.**
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$ pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware networkmanager nano sudo
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**Generate fstab.**
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$ genfstab -Lp /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
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**-L = Use labels for source identifiers (shortcut for -t LABEL).**
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**-p Exclude pseudofs mounts (default behavior).**
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**Chroot into your installation.**
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$ arch-chroot /mnt
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**Set your hostname.**
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$ echo mycomputer > /etc/hostname
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**Generate locale.gen for your preferred language (and preferribly english).**
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$ nano /etc/locale.gen
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**Uncomment your language, e.g. de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8 (and en_US.UTF-8).**
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**Generate the locale.**
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$ locale-gen
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**Add necessary HOOKS and MODULES.**
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$ nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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**MODULES=(ext4)**
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**HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt filesystems fsck shutdown)**
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**Create mkinitcpio.**
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$ mkinitcpio -p linux
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**Start NetworkManager for automatic network access on next boot.**
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$ systemctl enable NetworkManager
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**Set a root-password.**
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$ passwd
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**Install systemd-boot bootloader.**
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$ bootctl install
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**Create the bootloader config.**
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$ nano /bootloader/entries/arch.conf
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**Add the following:**
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```
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title Arch Linux
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linux /vmlinuz-linux
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initrd /initramfs-linux.img
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options cryptdevice=/dev/sda2:root root=/dev/mapper/root rw lang=de init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd locale=de_DE.UTF-8
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```
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**Create a fallback config.**
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$ cp /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf
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**Edit the fallback config.**
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$ nano /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf
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**Change it to the following:**
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**Create a fallback config.**
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$ cp /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf
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**Edit the fallback config.**
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$ nano /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf
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**Change it to the following:**
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```
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title Arch Linux Fallback
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initrd /initramfs-linux-fallback.img
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```
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**Edit loader config.**
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$ nano /boot/loader/loader.conf
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**Change it to the following:**
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**Edit loader config.**
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$ nano /boot/loader/loader.conf
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**Change it to the following:**
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```
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timeout 1
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default arch.conf
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```
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**Exit and reboot.**
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$ exit
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$ umount /mnt/boot
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$ reboot
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**Enter encryption-password and login as root.**
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**Set the keyboard to your preferred language permantently.**
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$ echo KEYMAP=de-latin1-nodeadkeys > /etc/vconsole.conf
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**Create a user with a /home-directory.**
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$ useradd -m myusername
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**Set password for your user.**
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$ passwd myusername
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**Add $myusername to group wheel for sudo access.**
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$ gpasswd -a $myusername wheel
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**Edit sudoers-file for sudo access.**
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$ nano /etc/sudoers
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**Uncomment „%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL“-**
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**Logout as root.**
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$ exit
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**Login as you user.**
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**Install SDDM and a minimal KDE Plasma.**
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$ pacman -S sddm sddm-kcm plasma-desktop
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**Install KDE terminal for easier installation of packages in Plasma.**
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$ pacman -S konsole
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**Enable and start SDDM to login to Plasma.**
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$ systemctl enable sddm
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$ systemctl start sddm
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**Now you are logged in to your Plasma desktop environment and ready to configure and use your Arch Linux.**
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**Suggested packages to install.**
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**Exit and reboot.**
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$ exit
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$ umount /mnt/boot
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$ reboot
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**Enter encryption-password and login as root.**
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**Set the keyboard to your preferred language permantently.**
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$ echo KEYMAP=de-latin1-nodeadkeys > /etc/vconsole.conf
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**Create a user with a /home-directory.**
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$ useradd -m myusername
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**Set password for your user.**
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$ passwd myusername
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**Add $myusername to group wheel for sudo access.**
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$ gpasswd -a $myusername wheel
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**Edit sudoers-file for sudo access.**
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$ nano /etc/sudoers
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**Uncomment „%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL“.**
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**Logout as root.**
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$ exit
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**Login as you user.**
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**Install SDDM and a minimal KDE Plasma.**
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$ pacman -S sddm sddm-kcm plasma-desktop
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**Install KDE terminal for easier installation of packages in Plasma.**
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$ pacman -S konsole
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**Enable and start SDDM to login to Plasma.**
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$ systemctl enable sddm
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$ systemctl start sddm
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**Now you are logged in to your Plasma desktop environment and ready to configure and use your Arch Linux.**
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**Suggested packages to install.**
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- microcode (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Microcode)
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- kde-gtk-config (Adds graphical settings for GTK apps.)
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- kdeplasma-addons („All kind of addons to improve your Plasma experience.“)
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